On Winthrop:
1) Our attachment to our fellow citizens is supposed to take precedence over our
desire to make money as creditors, over our commercial pursuits. Again, recall
Madison's fear of the "rage for the abolition of debts": here
Winthrop is essentially calling for an abolition of debts in times of need for
the debtor.
2) The spirit of the community is supposed to be built around Christian brotherly
love, around the love that members of the body of Christ have for one another.
(75) --"one body" quote (76). You can think about this as similar
to the experiences that people claim to have living in a small town, where you
are close to your neighbors, feel their losses and also feel their joys.
3) No factions: citizens should focus explicitly on the "publique"
good (76): "perticuler Estates cannot subsist in the ruine of the publique"
4) Winthrop explicitly advances better worship of God as the main purpose of the
community (77; the end of politics is virtue understood in a particular, christian
manner)
5) the "city on a hill." Citizens should create an example for others
of lives directed toward serving God, and their examples will serve as signs of
God's work. If we do badly, we will be bad witnesses to God, and that will be
displeasing to Him.
Differences from "liberal" approachess: focus on virtue, focus
away from the individual and toward some sort of common good defined in a rigorously
protestant christian way
On Mann:
1) the historical claims: free gov'ts release energies in people
these energies were trampled by all other gov'ts previously existing.
2) result: a tide of passions
3) the higher and the lower parts of the spirit or mind:
higher: reason, justice, morality
lower: lust for gold (greed), especially seen in the slave trade, desire for
power, especially seen in party rivalries (and with the dark hint, perhaps,
that these rivalries will erupt into civil war)
4) Danger: public is sovereign, so public needs to be educated
5) this is not happening!!
6) Press won't be able to do it alone
7) need education: respect for free institutions
religion of some sort